Freshwater on the Earth's surface accounts for a small proportion, but it plays an important role in
storing, decomposing and releasing organic carbon emitted from upstream watersheds. Therefore,
in 2008, UNESCO identified terrestrial freshwater, such as rivers and lakes, as an important
source of atmospheric CO2. However, studies on the CO2 emission flux of domestic freshwater
systems are very rare due to the lack of basic data. Therefore, this study evaluated the CO2
emission potential by measuring the partial pressure of CO2 in water (pCO2) using an in situ
submersible nondispersive infrared detector in various rivers and lakes in Korea. The survey sites
include weir pools in Geum and Nakdong rivers, agricultural reservoirs (Cheongho, Miho,
Hangye, Inpyeong), and a multipurpose dam reservoir (Daecheong). The CO2 emission potential
was evaluated by comparing the partial pressure of CO2 in atmosphere and water. In addition, the
pCO2 measurement data was compared with data from other countries. The pCO2 survey showed
that in 72.5% (n = 131) of the total samples measured, CO2 in water was supersaturated. The
average pCO2 of four weirs on Nakdong River ranged from 644 to 844 μatm and acted as a
heterotrophic system, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere most of the time. In the case of the
Hoenam area of Daecheong Reservoir, where thermal stratification was formed during the
sampling period, pCO2 per depth ranged from 525 to 2272 μatm, and the deeper the water, the
higher the pCO2 was. In addition, the pCO2 measured in the agricultural reservoirs ranged from
379 to 5256 μatm, and the deeper the water, the higher the pCO2 value. The distribution of pCO2
in domestic rivers and lakes identified in this survey is evaluated to have a range similar to that of
pCO2 measured in other countries located in the mid-latitude region.