This study investigated the fouling of ceramic membranes, which led to an increase in the transmembrane
pressure (TMP) in a drinking water treatment plant in Yeoncho, Korea. The TMP
values of the ceramic membranes monitored from 2014 to 2018 ranged from 0.01 to 2.12 kg f cm2
(average TMP = 0.61 kg f cm2). The TMP values fluctuated significantly, and considerable differences
were found for each ceramic membrane module. A high TMP value (>1.5 kg f cm2), the criterion
for clean-in-place, was frequently observed, and its duration was prolonged. In addition, the
TMP values remarkably increased when the water level in the reservoir decreased after increasing
and when the underwater aeration within the reservoir was activated. The TMP was also related to
the depth of the water intake. Comprehensive analyses of the fouled ceramic membranes revealed
that organic matter, microalgae (e.g., diatom frustule), aluminum, manganese, and silica were the
main components of the membrane foulants (organic material content = 48.5%; inorganic material
content = 51.5%). Thus, a large proportion of the source material in the reservoir strongly contributed
to the fouling of the ceramic membranes. To comprehensively explore the behavior of foulants
in the reservoir and alleviate membrane fouling, minimizing artificial disturbances in the
water body in the reservoir in terms of raw water management was necessary. In particular, semi-enclosed
medium-sized reservoirs that supply raw water to the membrane filtration process for
producing drinking water are more vulnerable to membrane fouling.