We compared two metabolome profiles of a small centric diatom species, Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun., grown under
conditions with enriched nutrients but different temperatures. This species proliferates in eutrophic rivers during
winter. We investigated the population dynamics and internal metabolite changes of Stephanodiscus by performing
a simple culture experiment at different temperatures (5 and 15?C). We applied the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) technique to fully grown cells to obtain the metabolite profiles of S. hantzschii. Growth rates were significantly
different at different temperature conditions (0.99±0.11 day?1 at 15?C and 0.21±0.12 day?1 at 5?C, n=10).
Characterized metabolites included saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, AXP (including AMP, ADP and ATP),
and UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, all of which are important for energy metabolism. These metabolites were
abundant within S. hantzschii cells grown at 15?C but were not prolific in those grown at 5?C. Furthermore, other 1H
NMRspectrum uncovered very little amounts of metabolites. Based on these observations of cell growth rate, although
required nutrients were supplied, colder temperatures suppressed population growth through the deactivation of
various internal metabolisms. Thus, winter proliferation of this species is opportunistic, implying that survival success
led to dominance in freshwater ecosystems with neither resource competition nor grazing pressure.