Francis turbines are often used for generating hydroelectric power, but their performance
characteristics significantly depend on the operating conditions. In particular, interblade
vortices in the passages between runner blades can occur at low flowrates, which
can degrade performance, and increase vibrations and instability during operation. In a
previous study, we showed that the hydraulic performance and flow characteristics
depend on the flow passage area of runner blades under low-flowrate conditions. Under
such operating conditions, the runner blade thickness can affect the interblade vortex
characteristics, and in turn, affect the performance of the turbine. In this study, we investigated
the effect of runner blade thicknesses in the presence of interblade vortices under
low flowrates; steady- and unsteady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier?Stokes equations
were solved using a shear stress transport as a turbulence model. The interblade vortices
were described well at the near leading and trailing edges near the hub. These vortex
regions showed flow separation and stagnation flow, and the interblade vortex characteristics
were dependent on the high-magnitude unsteady pressures at the low-frequency
region. For the same guide vane opening, at lower flowrates, higher blockage ratios
reduced interblade vortex formation and unsteady pressure.