This paper presents a geometrical parametric study on the hydraulic performance characteristics of a small-scale Francis hydro
turbine model. The upper and lower clearances on the variable guide vane and the surface roughness on each component of
the turbine model were considered as geometric parameters. Three-dimensional steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes
(RANS) calculations with a shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model were performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance
characteristics by varying these geometric parameters. Variable guide vane clearances and surface roughness were applied,
respectively and simultaneously, to conduct flow analysis of the small-scale Francis hydro turbine model. Additionally, the loss
distribution for each component of the turbine model was analyzed to obtain a better understanding of the effects of hydraulic
performance on surface roughness. The results indicated it could be applied to the design and manufacture of a small-scale
Francis hydro turbine model as the major geometric parameters.