Rapid detection of bursts and leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) can reduce the
social and economic costs incurred through direct loss of water into the ground, additional energy
demand for water supply, and service interruptions. Many real-time burst detection models have
been developed in accordance with the use of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
systems and the establishment of district meter areas (DMAs). Nonetheless, no consideration has
been given to how frequently a flow meter measures and transmits data for predicting breaks and
leaks in pipes. This paper analyzes the effect of sampling interval when an adaptive Kalman filter is
used for detecting bursts in a WDS. A new sampling algorithm is presented that adjusts the sampling
interval depending on the normalized residuals of flow after filtering. The proposed algorithm is
applied to a virtual sinusoidal flow curve and real DMA flow data obtained from Jeongeup city
in South Korea. The simulation results prove that the self-adjusting algorithm for determining the
sampling interval is efficient and maintains reasonable accuracy in burst detection. The proposed
sampling method has a significant potential for water utilities to build and operate real-time DMA
monitoring systems combined with smart customer metering systems.