Periodicities in siphon extension behavior,
which is considered an index of feeding behavior, of the
Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated by
sequential visual observations in water tanks under laboratory
conditions. Most clams actively extended their siphons
in the dark period and closed their shells in the light period
under the 12L:12D condition, and this diel cycle of the
siphon extension behavior was maintained even under constant
light and dark conditions, indicating that Manila clams
had an endogenous rhythm with a 24-h cycle. Although the
Manila clam has been considered to have a circatidal rhythm
in previous studies, a 24.8-h circatidal cycle of the siphon
extension behavior was not observed in any of the experimental
trials in this study. Although the diel cycle of the
siphon extension behavior was temporally collapsed by supplying
food after starvation for 10 days, the diel cycle recovered
thereafter. This phenomenon indicates that the endogenous
rhythm remains even if the cycle of the behavior is lost
due to changes in physiological conditions like starvation or
in external environments such as food availability.