Many countries in the world are facing the serious energy crisis for their relying too much on the fossil fuels which is not good for sustainable development. A practice approach is the substitution of renewable energy for those one-off resources, among which the hydro power is one of the most important components.(1)
To make good use of current hydro power resources, improvement of turbo machinery performance is required. As the most widely used turbo machinery, Francis turbines have been widely studied. Researches were carried out to investigate internal flow characteristics of a Francis turbine by experimental and numerical methods.(2) Brekke reviewed on a design philosophy and discussed the design, performance and maintenance of Francis turbine to increase the turbine efficiency and avoid cavitation and fracture during operation.(3) Moreover, design of Francis turbine runner based on the fundamentals of fluid dynamic was conducted to improve the runner efficiency and obtain a cavitation-free flow in the runner by the application of CFD method.(4, 5)
In this present paper, a study of a Francis turbine was carried out for performance improvement purpose and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance of proposed configurations. First, internal flow characteristics of Francis turbine was investigated by theoretical studies and CFD analyses. Next, targeted modifications of the turbine structure were proposed and their impacts on the turbine performance were verified. Then, the possibility of cavitation occurrence was inspected to ensure the practicability of Francis turbine model.