A key criterion in microbial fuel cell (MFC) design is that the bio-electrochemical reaction between
bacteria and the bulk solution should occur evenly on the electrode surface in order to improve
electricity generation. However, experimental optimization of MFC design over a wide range of
conditions is limited. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology makes it possible to evaluate
physicochemical phenomena such as fluid flows, mass transfer and chemical reaction, which can
assist in system optimization. Twelve MFCs (M1?M12) with different internal structures were
subjected to CFD analysis. The dead (DS) and working spaces (WS) of the anode compartment were
calculated. The flow patterns of the anodic fluid varied according to the internal structures. The WS
where the bio-electrochemical reaction can actually occur varied over the range of 0.14?0.57 m2.
Based on the above results, the power densities were estimated under the assumption that a
monolayer biofilm was formed on the electrode. M11, with 18 rectangular-type internal structures,
showed the largest WS of 0.57 m2 and a theoretical maximum power density of 0.54 W/m2. Although
the optimization of the MFC configuration with only CFD analysis remains limited, the present study
results are expected to provide fundamental data for MFC optimization.