Metal oxide fouling on NF membrane process for metal ions removal |
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학술지명 IWA-ASPIRE
저자 유영범,김동진,권순범,최양훈
발표일 2013-09-11
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Nanofiltration membrane (NF) is usually asymmetric and negatively charged at neutral and alkaline drinking water pH. Therefore, separation of ions is based both on steric (sieving) and charge (Donnan exclusion) effects. These membranes are mainly used for the separation of multivalent ions from monovalent ones; however, it is also possible to achieve a certain separation of ions of the same valence by selecting the proper membrane and operating conditions (Lhassani et al. 2001). Consequently, membrane filtration using nanofiltration (NF) membranes could be expected as a promising technology to control inorganic metal ions with a charge at a pH value in water. Variable techniques that have been developed to remove toxic metal ions from drinking waters include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, adsorption, filtration, and coagulation, and so on. Especially, in coagulation process, particulate matters were coagulated resulted from the reduction of particulates surface charge i.e., zeta potential by adding coagulants. Then metal ions precipitate with the coagulants on coagulates (Song et al., 2006). Relatively high removal efficiencies of metal ion were expected in hybrid membrane system i.e, nanofiltration with coagulation pretreatment. However, residual metal oxide and/or hydroxide could be occurred in coagulation process. The metal oxide could act as one of foulants on the membrane surfaces. |