Widespread outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza occurred
in South Korea during 2010. In response to the culling of many animals to attenuate the
spread of disease, South Korea used mass burial sites to dispose of the large number of
carcasses; consequently, concerns about groundwater contamination by leachate from these
burial sites are increasing. Groundwater is one of the main sources of drinking water,
and its cleanliness is directly related to public health. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the
safety of groundwater around the burial sites (total of 600 sites). A total of 1,200
groundwater samples were collected though the country, and microbial analysis was
conducted during two time periods: during the spring (n = 600; April to June 2012) and
after rainfall (n = 600; August to October, 2012; fall). Fecal coliform and Escherichia coli
were detected in 173 (14.4%) and 85 (7.1%) of the 1,200 samples, respectively.
Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. each were detected only once (0.083%).
Clostridium perfringens was detected from 7 groundwater samples (0.583%), and E. coli
O157:H7 was not detected. With respect to norovirus, only the GII type was detected from
six groundwater samples (0.5%), and enterovirus was detected in 15 groundwater samples
(1.25%). The frequency of E. coli that we detected was lower than that found in previous
studies conducted in South Korea, but we detected higher frequency of fecal coliform than
that observed in a previous report. The contamination frequencies of Salmonella spp.
and Shigella spp. were very low, but C. perfringens, which could be an indicator of fecal
pollution, was detected in seven regions. Overall, the results of the present study indicate a
low possibility of contamination from burial sites. However, consistent monitoring is
required to prevent microbial contamination of groundwater near the burial sites.