Sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) is representative of migrating fishes, and crusian carp (Carassius auratus) widely inhabit in streams, rivers, ponds, and reservoirs in Korea. Both fishes are famous in commercial, and they grow up to 30 cm of the body length. The characteristics of behavior on the sweetfish and the crusian carp in the stream are related to physical, chemical, and biological conditions in habitat. There are many fishways installed in current rivers. But while mapping the out, the fishway design velocity is not. Fishes movement at the confluence or the hydraulic connection is very important especially for a life of small species.
The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the critical swimming velocity in swimming performance of the sweetfish and the crusian carp. Swimming ability of fishes was evaluated in an experimental flume in which water velocity could be manipulated. Fixed velocity and incremental velocity methods have been used in the past to provide water velocity criteria for experimental flume, and both methods were used to evaluate the critical swimming velocity of sweetfish and crusian carp using the flume which was similar to actual fishways in a field. As a result, the critical swimming velocity of sweetfish and crusian carp was corresponding to 0.9 and 0.8 m/sec of mean flow velocity, respectively. According to the analysis, results of the experiment group of 80 fish provided more definite results for the critical swimming velocity than the group of 10 fish.
Also, the fishes tended to swim in the region of lower velocity near bottom and sidewall of the flume when the velocity was 0.7 m/sec on sweetfish and 0.6 m/sec on crusian carp. The velocity of the occupied zone (Vocc), which is the area where fishes swim, was 70% of the mean flow velocity (Vmean). Therefore, a velocity for fishway design in the low flow condition should not be exceeded the fish swimming ability. The result of the experiment showed critical swimming velocity is 0.8 m/sec for the sweetfish and 0.7 m/sec for the crusian carp.