Loss of salt rejection due to fouling in membrane desalination processes |
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학술지명 The Korea-Italy Workshop: Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment and Reuse
저자 이은경,이승윤,조재원,김충환,김수한,Eric M.V. Hoek
발표일 2008-06-09
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Unexpected loss of salt rejection is one of most annoying problems in designing and operating membrane desalination systems. It might be due to either system failure (i.e., membrane degradation, pipeline leakage, and so forth) or membrane fouling. Generally, salt concentration in permeate increases as the permeate flux decreases because of less water permeation and constant salt passage. Thus salt rejection decreases from flux decline due to fouling. As well as the flux decline, interactions between salt concentration polarization (CP) and fouling layer can play an important role in the rejection change. Fouling layer may enhance the concentration polarization effect due to hindered salt diffusion by the layer structure or work as another salt rejecting barrier. The flux and rejection patterns were reproduced by fouling tests with silica nanoparticle and humic acid as model foulants, a brackish reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, and sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride as model salts. Less diffusive or highly concentrated salt ions produced higher degree of CP to result in a faster decay of permeation flux. A dense fouling layer tended to reject salt additionally to result in an increasing pattern of salt rejection as fouling proceeded. |