Advanced operation and management of multipurpose dam for ecological conservation |
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학술지명 동아시아 댐기술교류회의
저자 서진원,고익환,유양수
발표일 2007-10-13
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A number of small and large dams have been constructed in most countries in order to deal with flood control, drinking water, water resource (agricultural/industrial) supply, and recreation. However, developed countries such as America, Australia, and Europe have concerned on impairment of natural environment due to physical, chemical, and biological changes after dam construction. Because of monsoon climate in Korea, intensive rainfall is occurred from the end of June to the end of July so that huge fluctuation of water level is occurred in most of multipurpose dams. It gives fishes more unstable habitat resulting in decrease of fish population and furthermore extermination of threatened species. Recently, alternative habitats and structures such as floating island, fishway, and wetland are introduced in new developing dams in order to reduce environmental impact. Also, maintaining water level during particular spawning period which local fishermen suggested is being discussed to prevent embryo exposure from lowering water level. Compared to natural flows before dam construction, base flows downstream of dams had been elevated in most cases creating reduction of hydraulic distinctiveness of pools/riffles/runs. The phenomenon consequently cause low habitat diversity or reduced habitat heterogeneity so that fish densities and biomass may be lower in the site. Therefore, it is very important to consider an environmental flow downstream of dams in order to minimize an ecological impact and to conserve some valuable fishes such as endangered and Korean endemic species. |