Introduction
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and contagious disease in young chickens causing primarily lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius. Infected chickens are immunosuppressed, can be predisposed to secondary infections, and respond poorly to immunization. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test using reagents produced locally by National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service (NVRQS) has been widely used for diagnosis and serological surveillance of IBD in chickens in Korea. In this study we compared the locally produced AGID reagents with international reference AGID reagents.
Materials and Methods
The IBD diagnostic reagents (Batch No. NVRQS 07-1) produced by the NVRQS were used. The reference AGID reagents were kindly supplied from Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA, UK) and National Veterinary Service Laboratories (NVSL, USA). Three institutions (NVRQS, VLA and NVSL) used different IBDV strains to produce antigen/antibody reagents. AGID tests were performed using each reagent according to manuals recommended by NVRQS and Office International Epizootics (OIE). Polystylene glycol 8,000 (1%(w/v), referred as NVRQS gel) or Phenol (0.5% (v/v), referred as OIE gel) was added in agar gel preparation for AGID.
Results
In both manuals (recommended by NVRQS and OIE), positive control sera produced by NVRQS, VLA and NVSL gave all positive for IBDV. All negative control sera used here were negative for IBDV. AGID antigen reagents from NVRQS, VLA and NVSL reacted with NVSL antiserum reagent two times or more sensitively two times compared to other antiserum reagents (from NVRQS and VLA).
OIE’s method and NVRQS method were compared using same antigen and antiserum reagents. All of antigen reagents from NVRQS and NVSL detected anti-IBDV antibodies at least 1:4 dilutions of positive sera in both NVRQS gel and OIE gel preparations. Antiserum reagents from NVRQS and NVSL detected IBDV antigen two times sensitively in AGID test recommended by NVRQS (NVRQS manual) when compared to the manual recommended by OIE (OIE manual). However, no difference between OIE’s manual and NVRQS manual was found in antiserum reagent from VLA.
Discussions
AGID testing using NVRQS manual has equal or more sensitivity in detecting IBDV antigen or IBDV antibody compared to OIE manual. Our results indicate that NVRQS manual are sensitive enough to apply for IBD diagnosis and serology. OIE manual requires biohazard cabinet III for AGID testing since there is risk of personnel exposure to highly toxic phenol during gel preparation and testing, while NVRQS manual recommend agar gel preparation containing polyethylene glycol instead of phenol. Therefore, NVRQS manual of AGID test is safe to human and sensitive for diagnosis and serology for IBD.