The annual cycles of phytoplanktonic and microphytobenthic biomasses as food sources
for intertidal bivalves were investigated in a temperate estuarine muddy sandflat of
Kwangyang Bay (Korea) from January to December 2002. Seasonal patterns in growth and
reproductive activity of a suspension-feeder Laternula marilina and a deposit-feeder
Moerella rutila were examined in order to assess their relationship with the annual cycles
of pelagic and benthic microalgae, and were combined with analyses of δ13C and δ15N of
bivalve tissues and their potential food resources. Biomasses of phytoplankton and
microphytobenthos peaked in late spring-summer, and demonstrated a unimodal pattern of
seasonal variation. Photosynthetic pigment composition showed a predominance of diatom
marker pigment, fucoxanthin, in the water and the sediments throughout the year. Similar
patterns of annual cycles in pelagic and benthic microalgal biomasses and similarities in
taxonomic composition indicated that resuspended microphytobenthos is an important
contributor to the bay’s phytoplankton component. This was supported by the δ13C values of
suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and physical characteristics of the bay.
Synchrony in growth and reproductive activity was observed for both bivalves: their shell
and tissue growth and gonadal development were achieved together during late spring and
summer when chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations were highest. This temporal coupling of
macrofaunal and microalgal processes indicated that the activities of intertidal bivalves
might depend largely on microphytobenthos seasonality. The isotopic signatures of the
bivalve tissues demonstrated their dependence on organic matter of microphytobenthic
source irrespective of season, despite a comparable contribution of phytoplankton to the
diet of the,suspension-feeding bivalve. These results highlight the importance of seasonal
development of microphytobenthos as an available food source during the critical period of
gamete production and growth for both suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalves.