Research in the field of river hydrology has been mainly concerned with the
investigation of the rainfall-runoff phenomenon through the analysis of hydrological
factors such as meteorology and geography, with the focus being on each river basin.
Recently, various forms of digital information such as GIS and RS data have been made
available in worldwide digital map format. Therefore, there has been a shift in focus
from lumped-parameter models to distributed runoff models, as the latter can consider
temporal and spatial variations in water quantity. Distributed runoff models have made
possible the comparison of runoff field and rainfall-runoff characteristics considering
spatial distribution.
In this paper, a comparative methodology using a GIS-based distributed runoff model and
AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the analysis of river basins based on their
regional hydrological characteristics and considering their temporally and spatially-
distributed physical properties is developed. Based on the method, the Comparative
Hydrology is proposed to make clear the characteristic and similarity for each river
basin. An application of the Comparative Hydrology approach is presented for the
comparison of three river basins located in the Asian-Pacific region.