Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of global concern, and regulatory limits for PFAS in drinking water are being increasingly strengthened
worldwide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) of 4 ng/L for both PFOA and PFOS, with similarly stringent regulatory
approaches being adopted in regions such as the European Union. In South Korea, PFAS are currently managed as monitoring parameters; however, stricter regulations aligned with global standards are anticipated. In this study, a pilot-scale high-pressure membrane system (100m³/day), consisting of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), was applied to Nakdong River bank filtrate to evaluate PFAS removal performance. A total of 10 PFAS compounds were detected in the raw water. The high-pressure membrane processes achieved removal efficiencies ranging from approximately 80% to 99%, depending on the compound characteristics. The results demonstrate the applicability of high-pressure membrane processes for PFAS control in drinking water treatment and provide practical insights for process design and operational strategies in response to increasingly stringent PFAS regulations.
Key words: PFAS, High-pressure membrane process, Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Drinking water treatment, removal performance
Acknowledgement: 이 연구는 한국수자원공사의 재원을 지원받아 수행되었습니다(G250234).