This study examines the impact of bird droppings on the performance of floating
photovoltaic (FPV) systems, with a focus on a case study conducted at the Marine
Research Floating Photovoltaic (PV) test-bed, installed in 2021 at Saemangeum, a
seawater lake in South Korea. The FPV system was developed in collaboration with KWater,
a water resource management agency, for the purpose of establishing marine solar
power facilities. During the research, environmental characteristics of the installation site
led to the emergence of bird droppings as a significant issue, particularly due to the
presence of seagulls and migratory birds, which pose a major challenge to the optimal
operation of FPV systems. In bird-prone areas, these birds frequently utilize FPV sites as
resting or sheltering locations.
The deposition of bird droppings on FPV modules can severely affect energy
efficiency, increase maintenance requirements, and compromise long-term system
performance. The accumulation of droppings leads to shading, which reduces light
absorption and consequently results in power output degradation. In some cases, this can
also cause the formation of hotspots, which may accelerate the degradation of the modules.
Moreover, the high uric acid content of bird droppings can damage the mechanical
components of the photovoltaic system.
This research investigates the effects of bird droppings on FPV module performance
through on-site generation analysis. The study also explores various maintenance strategies
and bird deterrence methods aimed at minimizing the impact of droppings and optimizing
energy production. Practical solutions, such as robotic cleaning systems and bird-repelling
technologies, are assessed for their effectiveness and feasibility in mitigating the adverse
effects of bird activity. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into enhancing
the sustainable operation of FPV systems, offering recommendations for improving
maintenance efficiency and reducing perf